Former President Donald Trump has signed an executive order that ties student visas to political activity on U.S. campuses, a move his administration says is aimed at curbing anti-Semitism. The directive, announced in late January 2025, has sparked intense debate over its reach and the balance between security and free expression.

The order directs federal agencies to review the visa status of international students who take part in demonstrations deemed “anti-Israel.” Officials cite long-standing statutes against endorsing designated terrorist groups, pointing specifically to Hamas, as the legal basis. In practice, this could mean foreign students risk deportation if their activism is interpreted as sympathetic to such groups.

Supporters argue the policy is a necessary step to protect Jewish students and ensure that U.S. campuses don’t become platforms for extremist rhetoric. Critics, however, warn that it casts too wide a net. Civil liberties groups fear the order will blur the line between peaceful pro-Palestinian advocacy and actual support for terrorism, chilling political speech that is otherwise protected for U.S. citizens under the First Amendment.

Legal experts expect challenges in court, with questions over how “anti-Israel” activity will be defined and enforced. Beyond the legal fight, the order reflects a larger tension: how to safeguard vulnerable communities while preserving open debate. For many, the issue goes beyond immigration or campus politics—it’s a test of whether security measures can be applied without erasing the principles of fairness and free expression.